Saturday 30 August 2014

Bios Section

Problems
  1. Cmos Check sum Error press F1 to continuous message shows on screen
  2. No Display
  3. No Power
  4. Hanging and Automatic Restart




Trouble Shoot
  1. Check the cmos Battery Voltage (2.5v to 3.3v Dc) and check the cmos jumper is insert properly
  2. Check the voltage  on cmos jumper pin no 1 and bios ic pin no 9 if No Voltage
  3. Check the Bios Section Related Components if voltage or ok problem is BIOS IC so Re Programming Bios Ic 

Resetting BIOS password

1. Power off the computer. 

2. Remove the power cable and the cabinet cover. 

3. Locate the configuration jumper on the motherboard; the motherboard manual can help you in this. The jumper will be connected to the 1st and 2nd pins by default; remove it and connect the 2nd and 3rd pins with it. 

4. Reconnect the power cable and switch on the system. You will find a special maintenance screen with the option to reset passwords. 

5. Select the option 'clear passwords', and confirm the choice. 

6. Press F10 key to save the settings and exit. 

7. Remove the power cable, and put the configuration jumper back to pins 1 and 2. 

8. Replace the cover and power cable, and start the system. 

Mother Board Identifications

PI Mother Board



Cpu Speed  =  75MHz to 233MHz
Ram Capacity = 16MB to 128MB
RAM Types = S,D,SD-RAM
HDD = 20 GB
O/S = windows 95,98




PII Mother Board

Cpu Speed  =  233MHz to 450MHz
Ram Capacity = 32MB to 256MB
RAM Types = SD-RAM
HDD = 40 GB
O/S = windows 95,98 and XP,2000(this two or slow speed)






PIII Mother Board


Cpu Speed  =  450MHz to 1.3GHz
Ram Capacity = 64MB to 512MB
RAM Types = SD-RAM
HDD = 80 GB
O/S = windows 95,98,XP,2000,Server
810---Yellow Colour --- celeron ---Dotted Processor
810i---Green  Colour---Intel--Dotted / Platted
815--Brown Colour --Mercury--Platted / Green Processor
815E--Red Colour -- China -- Platted / Green Processor



PIV Mother Board


Cpu Speed  = 1.5GHz to on words
DDR I ----------P IV -----1.5 GHz to 3.66 GHz
DDR II ----------Dual Core -----1.6 GHz to 3.66 GHz
DDR II & III ----------Core 2 Duo -----1.6 GHz to 2.9 GHz
DDR III ---------I3, I5, I7, -----1.6 GHz to on words
Ram Capacity = 128 MB to 16 GB
RAM Types = DDR I,DDR II, DDR III
HDD = 500 GB
O/S = all Latest operating systems


Processor Back Side this Type of Number is Written
                             1200/256/133/1.7 v
1200--Cpu Speed 1200 MHz = 1.2GHz (clock speed)
256--Cache memory (level2) 256MB
133-- FSB (Front Side Bus) 133bit
1.7v -- CPU voltage


Basic Electronics

  • ANOLOG    DIGITAL CURRENT

    • A/C & D/C Current,Soldering & Desoldering
    • Balling & Reballing, IC replace Using Blower
    • How to use Multi meter, SMD Rework Station
    • How to check Components in Electronics
    • Circuit Tracing, IC Soldering
  • RESISTOR:

    • Carbon Resistor(Colour coding)
    • Carbon Film Resisters
    • Metal Film Resisters
    • Chip Resistors
    • Digital Resistor
  • DIODES:

    • Rectifies Diode
    • Signal Diode
    • Zenar Diode
    • Varoctor Diode
    • Shotkey Diode
    • Tunnel Diode
    • LED
    • Photo Sensitive Diode
  • FET (Field Effect Transistor)

    • MOS FET
    • J.FETS
  • IC'S:

    • Power IC
    • Charging IC
  • CAPACITOR:

    • Mica Capacitor
    • Polarized Capacitor
    • Paper Capacitor
    • Ceramic Capacitor
  • TRANSISTOR:

    • N-P-N, P-N-P
    • Silicon Transitor
    • Germanium Transistor
    • Power Transistor
  • TRANSFORMER:

    • Step up-increasing
    • Step Down Decreasing
    • Driver (or) Protector-Constant
  • COIL:

    • Industor Coils
    • Chowk Coils
    • Digital Coils
  • FUSES

transformer

  • TRANSFORMER:

    • Step up-increasing
    • Step Down Decreasing
    • Driver (or) Protector-Constant

Laptop Burning Test

Adapter = 20v Dc
Adapter Connector = 20v Dc
Power Fuse = 20v Dc
Power Section


  • 8pin input   = 20v Dc
  • 8pin output = 10.8v to 5v Dc
Battery Connector 
  • With out Battery = 3.3v to 5v Dc
  • with Battery  = 10.8v Dc
Cmos Battery = 2.5 to 3.3v Dc
Power Section = 3.3 to 5v Dc

BIOS IC



Pin no 3 = 2.5v 
Pin no 6 = 1.4 to 2v 
Pin no 9 = 2.5  to 3.3v








Ram Slot pin no 2 = 3.3/2.5/1.8/1.5v Dc
Ram Section 8pin input = 20v Dc
                                       output = 3.3/2.5/1.8/1.5v Dc
CPU Section 
  • input Capacitor = 1.4v to 2v Dc
  • 8pin IC input = 20v Dc
  • 8pin IC out put = 1.4 to 2v Dc
LCD Connector = 20v to 10.8v Dc
Keypad Connector = pin no 1 = 3.3 to 5v Dc
Touchpad Pin no 1 = 3.3 to 5v Dc
USB connector = vcc= 5v Dc

Friday 29 August 2014

Desktop Burning Test

Smps Connector power voltages

Red wire = 5v DC
Orange wire = 3.3v DC
Yellow wire = 12v DC
Blue wire = -12v DC
White wire = -5v DC
Green wire = 5v DC
Violet wire = 5v DC
Black wire = GND 

Cmos Battery = 2.5 to 3.3v DC


Power Jumper = 3.3v DC ( pin no 8,9 off Conditon)



Power FET Input = 5v DC

Power FET Output = 3.3v DC



BIOS IC



Pin no 3 = 2.5v 
Pin no 6 = 1.4 to 2v 
Pin no 9 = 2.5  to 3.3v






RAM Slot: Pin no 2 = 3.3/2.5/1.8/1.5 Volts Dc


Ram FET input = 5v dc 
Ram FET out put = 3.3/2.5/1.8/1.5 Volts Dc

Cpu Section
  • 4 pin connector = 12v Dc
  • input capacitor = 12v Dc
  • out put capacitor = 1.4 to 2v Dc
  • FET input = 12v dc
  • FET output = 1.4 to 2v Dc
Keyboard and Mouse Connector 
  • VCC = 5v Dc
  • Date/clock = 5v Dc 

 USB connector = VCC= 5v Dc

Laptop Mother Board Chip Level Information

Basic Electronics

Soldering and De Soldering

Adapter Repairing

Laptop Assembling

Types  of Motherboards
  • From P1 to P, Duel Core, Core2 Duo, i3, i5, i7,i9
  • IBM, INTEL, MERCURY, AMD ALL types
  • All components Identification in MB
  • Functions Of Components
Components Identifications

Components Checking

Iiput/Output Section Problem
  • Ps2,USB,VGA,LPT,LAN,COM Ports Checking
  • BIOS Flashing ,Power Section Problems
  • RAM Section Problems
  • Processor Section Problems
Battery section

Charging section

Lcd/led section

Dvd section

Keypad and Touch pad section

Bios section

Bios Flashing

Cpu Power section

Ram power section

Mother board power section

Burning test

Use of DBUG Cards 

TROUBLE SHOOTING
  • No Display (IC's Replacement)
  • No Power ( Dead Condition)
  • Automatic Hanging
  • Automatic Shutdown
  • Automatic Restarting
  • HDD , CD, DVD Not Detecting
  • Blue Sereen error Problems
  • Clocksingals checking with CRO (oscillo scope)
  • North Bridge Checking
  • South Bridge checking ( Voltage Singnals)



    Desktop Mother Board Chip Level Information

    Basic Electronics

    Soldering and De Soldering

    Types  of Motherboards

    • From P1 to P, Duel Core, Core2 Duo, i3, i5, i7,i9
    • IBM, INTEL, MERCURY, AMD ALL types
    • All components Identification in MB
    • Functions Of Components


    COMPONENTS IDENTIFICATIONS

    COMPONENTS CHECKING

    INPUT/OUTPUT SECTION PROBLEM

    • Ps2,USB,VGA,LPT,LAN,COM Ports Checking
    • BIOS Flashing ,Power Section Problems
    • RAM Section Problems
    • Processor Section Problems

    Bios section

    Bios Flashing

    Cpu Power section

    Ram power section

    Mother board power section

    Burning test


    Use of DBUG Cards 

    TROUBLE SHOOTING

    • No Display (IC's Replacement)
    • No Power ( Dead Condition)
    • Automatic Hanging
    • Automatic Shutdown
    • Automatic Restarting
    • HDD , CD, DVD Not Detecting
    • Blue Sereen error Problems
    • Clocksingals checking with CRO (oscillo scope)
    • North Bridge Checking
    • South Bridge checking ( Voltage Singnals)

    Thursday 14 August 2014

    FET (Field Effect Transistor)





    MOSFET (metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor)




    J FET (Junction field-effect transistor)













    used in : 
    1. cpu power section 
    2. ram power section
    3. mother board power section

    multimeter  checking process:

    OK: one side high value and other side low value or one side value and other side Nothing
    Damage:one side value and other side Buzzer or Both side buzzer .


    Compare to ground : ground to emitter buzzer (NPN) or both side to emitter high value or both side to collector low value

    transistor

    What is a transistor?
    •A transistor is a 3 terminal electronic device made of semiconductor material.
    •Transistors have many uses, including amplification, switching, voltage regulation, and the modulation of signals
    Symbol : "Q"
    1.Base
    2.Collector
    3. Emitter


    multimeter  checking process:

    OK: one side high value and other side low value or one side value and other side Nothing
    Damage:one side value and other side Buzzer or Both side buzzer .
    Compare to ground : ground to emitter buzzer (NPN) or both side to emitter high value or both side to collector low value


    Monday 28 April 2014

    monitor

    these are two types
    1.CRT (cathode ray tube) monitor

    1. monochrome (b/w)
    2. analog (color)
    3. digital (color)


    2.LCD(Liquid-crystal-display) monitor

    1. normal LCD
    2. TFT LCD(  thin-film-transistor )
    3. LED LCD( light-emitting diode )

    working principal of CRT monitor
















    Diode



    Rectifier diode  :  is Denoted by " D  "

     in the function of rectifier diode to convert the voltage from AC to DC

    Zenor  Diode :    is denoted by "ZD"

    Symbol:

    Function:  To drop the entire voltage in to ground and maintain with constant voltage


    LED-Diode : ( light-emitting diode )

    Symbol:


    it is use as a indicator.

    checking process:


    ok = one side value and other side nothing value 
             one side high value and other side low value

    Dameg =   Both side same value 
                        Both side Nothing
                        Both side Buzzer (000)


    Fuse

    It is used to protect the circute

    symbol:






    coil or inductor

    if used to maintain constant voltage

    is denoted by " L "

    Analog coil:


    Digital coil

     this digital coil is Black



    Checking Process:

    ok = Both side Beep Sound

    ded  = Nothing on Both Side





    Capacitor

    Capacitor is denoted by " C "

    Analog Capacitor: 





    one side marking that is (-ve)
    one side plan that is       (+ve )

    Digital Capacitor:




    this Capacitor  color is Brown


    Types of Capacitor

    Polarized                                              Non   Polarized

    Electrolytic                                          Not Electrolytic

    -----------------------------------------------------------------
    To store the voltage and                       To store the voltage and maintain
    filter the pulsestring                                        a constant voltage





    Checking :(Normal)
    ok = one side value and other side nothing
             one side high value and other side low value

    Dameg =   Both side same value 
                        Both side Nothing
                        Both side Buzzer (000)
                         


    Checking: (GND)                     

    ok = one side value and other side Buzzer
             one side nothing and other side Buzzer

    Dameg =   Both side same value 
                        Both side Nothing

                        Both side Buzzer (000)






    Resister

    Resister is denoted by " R "

    Function : To oppose the flow of current

    Unit of Resister : ohm,

    1. 1000ohm = 1k ohm
    2. 1000k ohm = 1m ohm
    3. 1000m ohm = 1g ohm                         

    Types:
    1. Analog
    2. Digital

    Analog:

    Examples

    3 bands:
    Yellow, violet, black --> 47 ohm 20%
    Orange, orange, brown --> 330 ohm 20%
    Brown, black, red --> 1k 20%
    4 bands:
    Green, blue, red, gold --> 5.6kohm 5%
    Red, yellow, orange, gold --> 24kohm 5%
    Blue, gray, yellow, silver --> 680k 10%
    More 4 band resistor color code
    5 bands:
    Red, yellow, orange, black, brown --> 243 ohms, 1% precision 5-band resistor
    Yellow, violet, GOLD, gold, yellow --> 4.7 ohms, 5% - this resistor is calculated with the 4-band rule (the yellow band is ignored).
    Orange, black, black, brown, brown --> 3.00 k ohms, 1% - note: this is a non-standard 1% (E96) resistor, but some manufacturers make every value from the E24 series with 1% tolerance!
    More: 5 band
    6 bands:
    Red, red, brown, brown, brown, red --> 2.21k, 1% 50ppm/°C
    White, black, white, brown, red, red --> 9.09k, 2% 50ppm/°C
    - do not enter the last band (red in the two examples above)



    Color Code:




    Digital:






    Checking Process : 

    100ohm = 95 ohm, 105 ohm is ok
    Damage condition  
    1. < 95 ohm
    2. No Value
    3. Beep or 000    








    current

    When a charge is forced to move because of a potential difference (voltage) current is produced.In conductors - free electrons can be forced to move with relative ease, since they require little work to be moved.So current is charge in motion.The more electrons in motion the greater the current.

    current is two types

    1.AC(Alternating current) Voltage
    2.DC(Direct current) Voltage

    AC-Voltage:


    Voltage = 230V/110V
    Frequency = 50Hz/60Hz

    Wave Form = Sine Wave
    Symbol =

    DC-voltage:



    Voltage = NO Stranded
    Frequency = 0 Hz

    Wave Form = Straight Line
    Symbol =

    Checking Process:


    AC-Voltage:  Phase to Neutral = 230 V

    DC-voltage: No Standard

    NOW
    Phase to Earth = 230V(AC)
    Neutral to Earth = Below 10V